What is the periodic table of chemical elements?

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In elementary school chemistry classes, we learn about the existence of different elements. They are everywhere, in the air, food, soil, water and rocks. We can say that they surround us from all sides. The collection of all the elements discovered to date is known as the periodic table. What is the periodic table of elements? How do we read the information in the periodic table? You will find the answers to these questions in the following article. Published: 01-11-2023 The periodic table of the elements (Mendeleev's table) The structure of the periodic table is the result of experiments and observations spanning several centuries around the world. The essence and importance of chemical elements were already puzzled by the Greek philosopher Aristotle more than 2000 years ago! Ancient man knew different elements, such as carbon or sulfur. In the following centuries, knowledge about them expanded. However, it was not until 1869 that Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev, a Russian chemist, decided to organize the available information and developed the periodic table of chemical elements . Mendeleev's periodic table , as it began to be called, quickly became the key reference point for researchers and chemists. Mendeleev was the first researcher in history to discover the periodic law of elements. He believed that the properties of elements in the periodic table changed along with atomic mass, and that neighboring elements, arranged by increasing atomic number , indicated certain similarities.

This was a historic discovery that revolutionized the image of continuously developing chemical science . Mendeleev's periodic table can be seen in virtually any school chemistry laboratory, being the basis of contemporary knowledge of chemistry. So let's see how to read the periodic table to acquire as much information as possible. Interactive Periodic Table of Elements Enter the interactive world of chemistry with us! Visit The Periodic Table: Basic Facts Mendeleev's first table did not look like the table of chemical elements we use today. It was a descriptive table of the elements, simple in form CZ Leads  and including several dozen elements. How many elements are included in Mendeleev 's periodic table in the 21st century? Currently the periodic table consists of 118 elements, which are classified into the following groups: precious gases , no metals, metals (including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, p-block metals, transition metals), semimetals, lanthanides, actinides, halogens The periodic table also contains elements that are still subject to research and are classified in the group of elements with unknown properties (these include, for example, the transuranic Moscovium and the synthetic Oganesson that does not exist as a natural terrestrial deposit). Mendeleev's periodic table: division into metals and non-metals When we look for the printable periodic table of chemical elements, we can also find a simplified diagram that only covers metals and non-metals.



It indicates that the vast majority of elements are metals (including precious metals) that are in the form of solids, such as copper, zinc, magnesium or gold. Mendeleev's table also includes nonmetallic gases and liquids, for example nitrogen, chlorine , and iodine. How to read the periodic table of elements? If we take a closer look at the table, the information it contains should be easy to read even for a layman. The periodic table consists of groups and periods that contain elements, and the position of these elements translates into their particular characteristics. Since we already know the basics, let's answer the following question: where is the group and where is the period? Also, what does the data placed by each symbol indicate? In short, how to read the periodic table? The horizontal lines are called periods, while the columns are defined as groups. Group numbers tell us how many valence electrons the elements have. So what is a period on the periodic table? The number of periods expresses the number of atomic electron shells (the fewer shells, the simpler the atomic structure of the element). Depending on the system designed, each individual field in the item table can contain the following information about the item: full name, chemical symbol, atomic number, density, electronic configuration , electronegativity, molecular mass , Oxidation state. In some versions of the periodic table of elements indicating valency , we can find even more information regarding particular properties, such as boiling and melting points. We encourage you to download one of the latest versions of the periodic table of elements (PDF, Mendeleev's educational table to print) , which has been prepared by experts at the PCC Group. We also invite you to visit the interactive version of the periodic table , available at the PCC Group Chemical Academy .